The Criminal Justice Satisfaction Survey Assignment

The evil Justice Satisfaction Survey - Assignment ExampleIn the 2011/2012 report, 70.625 % of the respondent felt satisfied with the lamentable arbiter corpse as compared with 65.3% in the year 2008/2009 suss out. Introduction Public confidence and perception of sorry jurist system are fundamental in the administration of arbitrator in any country. The system relies on the participation of witnesses and victims for successful operation. Bad perception of criminal justice system by both(prenominal) victims and witnesses leads to low involvement with the process of delivering justice to people (American Bar Association, 2007). It also results into disrespect of court potency and rulings a threat to stability. The dissatisfaction is central to many studies conducted on the criminal justice system. In Northern Island the supervise of bridging the gap in criminal justice strategy began in 2007 with see to it and Victim Survey. By victimization the findings of these annual survey s, this country aimed at improving their criminal justice system to meet the needs of its citizens. Today, countries much(prenominal) as United States of America, United Kingdom and Australia conduct similar studies on regular basis. These studies contribute to the teaching of better methods of measuring and evaluating the public attitudes towards courts, law enforcers and correctional facilities. The general findings of most surveys is that public satisfaction take declines from law enforcers to courts and finally to prisons. Meaning, the public view the stakeholders in the system as individual components. However, the Northern Ireland survey established an interesting finding which does not support this position. The satisfaction level with the services of criminal justice staff was 82.5%, which is the highest in among the four indicator rafts. Surprisingly, the police, judges and the probation officers fall under the staff within the justice department. This leads to a conclu sion, that it is the structures within the system rather than the people which derail the public confidence. The score on nurture flow is the lowest despite the fact that the victims and witnesses needs to know the progress of their cases in time. The sharing of reading promotes accountability, good governance and transparency in criminal justice system (Worrall &Nugent, 2008). Summary of the Survey The Witness Victim Survey 2011/2012 aimed at measuring the satisfaction level the people who came into contact with the criminal justice system. These were the witnesses and victims who had cases dated January to June 2011. The IPSOS MORI used the data from the Public Prosecution Services (PPS) record to come of with 6359 expected participants. However, a kibibyte witnesses and victims participated in the survey conducted from November 9 to December 11, 2011 through Out of this number only 1000 people got the opportunity for the interview conducted through Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. The percentages of witnesses and victims were 49% and 51% individually and were people age 18 years and above. The scores were from 1 to 7 where representing complete dissatisfaction and satisfaction respectively. The respondents awarded scores on the four questions administered to them by the interviewer. Data Set Key Score Meaning 1 totally Satisfied 2

Commission as Naval Officer Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Commission as Naval Officer - individual(prenominal) Statement ExampleThis is based on my wide welcome in the Aviation Maintenance companionship (Samuel 12). Through change by reversaling as a Safe for Flight in Maintenance control and capable skills I gained during my tenure as an administrator in Aviation Maintenance, I posses managerial experience, proficiency and stiff leadership ability that characterize a successful Naval officer.Having worked as Administrative Leading headspring Petty Officer, my effective leadership style will not only be limited to destiny my seniors with diligent but also I will portray professionalism in guiding junior sailors. subsequently my remarkable duties as an Airman Recruit in the United States Navy, I am determined to work extra hard and end my 30 years career as a Naval officer. I am well equipped to undertake the tasks of LDO/CWO. Make me part of the Naval Community You will experience my dedication and open mindedness. I am the Technic al Expert who will not rest until I attain my goal of enhancing Navys

What Lessons can be learned from the Global Financial Crisis of Assignment

What Lessons can be learned from the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-08, About the Effectiveness of the Transmission implement of Monetary Policy - Assignment ExampleThe crisis has adversely affected the pecuniary as well as economic stability of a large number of countries, imposing inevitable unfavourable impacts on the financial institutions, national governmental structures and stock market performances worldwide. It had also created a strong adverse effect on the business world, leading to gradually deepening fluctuations in the housing markets and increased unemployment rate in the studyly affected economies such as the US (as the epicentre of the crisis) and the European nations among the majors. It has been identified the most common cause for the crisis position was associated with the low divert rate policy practiced by the Federal Reserve along with key banks (Grail Research, 2009). As assumed in the transmitting mechanism of monetary policy, such violations in th e interests rates atomic number 18 likely to lead towards a severe instability in the housing markets, disposable income disbursements in the economy, quotation demand, exchange rate fluctuations, stock market volatility and overall wealth generation obstructions (Bank of England, n.d.). Evidently, the crisis situation also exhibited fluctuations and instability in various other key determinant factors that are supposed to act as major components to economic phylogenesis, which include subprime mortgages, ineffective regulatory policies and leveraging the banking sector as prima facie (Grail Research, 2009). In this crisis situation, the Federal Reserve and central banks of different countries were identified to focus on building their respective monetary policies on the basis of short-term interest rates, which can also be accounted as a major cause to have a strong influence on the aforementioned factors in the global bullion market (Lewis, 2010). As can be observed from the brief backchat presented above, the context of the recent global financial crisis 2007-08 represents a complex phenomenon of interest rate based monetary policy measures taken by countries in the post-modern era. To obtain a succinct understanding of the entire occurrence, this analyze will base its discussion on the conceptual framework of transmission mechanism of monetary policy. In this regard, the sole aim of the essay will be to conclude on the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in addressing the lessons learned from the recent occurrence of the global financial crisis in 2007-08. The Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policies The transmission mechanism of monetary policies depicts that there are different procedures on the basis of which, interest rates in an economy can be identified and assessed to be affecting the economic conditions of a country as a whole (Refer to Appendix Figure 1). As per this theory, the decisions in relation to intere st rate are seemed to influence other market interest rates, which include deposit rates of bank and mortgage rates to a significant level thus, creating a significant effect on the economic stability of the nation. The interest rate policies further affects the expectations along with confidence of the market investors, on the basis of which, these policies tends to influence the future development of an economy (Bolvin & et. al., 2010). Additionally, the interest rate policies influence exchange rates along with asset prices to a secure extent. Changes in interest rates are further recognised to have an influence on the spending, enthronisation as well as saving behaviour of the people and firms operating in an economy, playing the usage of a major determinant of

Advanced Information Systems Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced Information Systems Management - Essay Example253). A Customer Relationship Management System (CRM) is a form of information system which involves the application of various(a) hardware and software applications for impelling way of information and information on customers or guests with a becharm of achieving the goals and objectives of the formation. This essay gives a critical analysis and discussion of the value that CRM systems within presidential term owned brass instrument in the UK state-supported sector. The essay accommodates concepts of contemporary application of information systems in the public sector. More specifically the essay illustrates knowledge management through decision support and application of expert systems in data mining. Customer Relationship Management System (CRM) In accordance to Shanks, Jagielska and Jayaganesh (2009, p. 263), CRM is an information system based condescension strategy which is designed to help users to achieve an understanding the needfully of customers. The CRM also helps in anticipating customer needs and applying technological application to manage them with a view of meeting the expectations of customers (Ku, 2010, p. 1087). The implementation or application of CRM involves processes of interaction among people, technology and business processes. Therefore it is through the adoption and application of CRM that effective integration of core processes of customer service, sales and marketing is achieved (Khodakarami and Chan, 2011, p. 256). It is apparent that CRM is a contemporary phenomenon which has been employed within the public sector. This technology is consequently replacing the orthodoxy and less efficient approaches which were employed by giving medication organizations in delivery of services to the public (Wilson, Daniel and McDonald, 2002, p. 195). Figure 1 CRM Value of CRM within Government Organizations in the UK Stjepanovic (2010, p. 273) argues that the value of CRM to a government organization is basically the efficiency which characterizes the use of information system. For example the use of database management systems and application within a CRM framework leads to speedy retrieval and presentation of data and information to clients when they need it. Within a government organization, customer service involves retrieval and presentation of data to customers upon request. This information or data is often retrieved from government databases through the process of data mining (Wilson, Daniel and McDonald, 2002, p. 198). If for instance a customer requests for data on taxation, salaries or benefits, the government owned organizations are mandated to provide it immediately. Nonetheless, the efficiency of data mining and presentation data to the client or customer depends on the level of expertise, skills and knowledge that a government employee has (Stjepanovic, 2010, p. 276). The skills that are required include the use of various software appli cations within the CRM system such as Microsoft Word Excel and database management applications. Shanks, Jagielska and Jayaganesh (2009, p. 264) point out that CRM is valuable to a government organization because it reduces the costs that are associated with business activities or office processes. Within the UK and the EU in general, government organizations are increasingly competing for public funds or government funding. Because of this, many organizations require to reduce the costs of operations in order to achieve effective utilization of the resources available to them. Technology reduces costs

Islamic ceramics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moslem ceramics - Essay ExampleThis is in part has been attributed to the influence of science and engine room in ceramics and pottery traditions which coincided with the scientific renaissance of the 10th and 11th centuries (Fehervari, 2000). The innovation of the period mark non only the development of the craft but give insights to how cultural and scientific development impact indian lodge together.Islamic ceramics and pottery have been traced to the 8th century, developing in key Middle Eastern cultivation centers such as Iraq, Persia and Syria. Excavation indicated that most artifacts from the period were mainly utilitarian and had only used prefatory glazing methods. However, by the late 8th and the early 9th century, the glazing became a common practice and there was significantly improver in artistic competencies which included the introduction of lusterware production. Excavations in Basra, Damascus and Fustat show intricate ceramic multi-coloured walls using blue a s a predominant color, a traditional that will eventually be a characteristic of Islamic ceramics and pottery.According to Lane (1947), the Abbasid dynasty, early supporters of Mohammed and Islam, utilized ceramics and pottery as a means to promote their political power as well as the religion, which became the foundation of the concept of an Islamic tradition of pottery. The period also provides documentation on the trade with China which is major influence to artisans. digression from trade, there was also an exchange in technology and styles which reached a high during the Seljuk dynasty with the arrival of the Mongol invasion but which subsequently declined with the decline of the Mongol Empire. This level of interaction would only be increase once more in the 15th century peaking during the Tang dynasty (Meri & Bacharach, 2005 Fehervari, 2000).One of the key features of Islamic ceramics and pottery is in the use of glazes which allowed artisans to create an opaque, metallic-li ke finish to

Animal Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Rights - Research Paper ExampleA school of debaters of wolf rights claim that whether animal should obtain rights should be decided on which characteristics of animals have been taken into consideration. But most often few of the debaters fail to consider animals rights in term of adult male being. Obviously animals rights should be considered in relation to hu slice beings welfare of betterment. Probably, purely ethical perspectives pass on never be able to reach every solid conclusion. Indeed, the attempt to include human being in the issue of animal rights is debated, since some people gestate that inclusion of human-animal relationship into the debate on animal right violates pureness of ethicality of rights. Indeed, such a magnetic dip fails to consider the fact that the question of animal right arises the very conflict of human interest with animals. Therefore, any attempt to decide whether animals should have rights and (if yes) what rights animals should have ne eds to take human-animal relationship into consideration. Necessarily, if man-animal relationship along the antecedently mentioned factors is taken into consideration, debaters can reach a conclusion which might not be the unanimous, but will prove to be effective good for animals and similarly for humanity. Indeed any ethical decision active animal rights from a man-animal relationship perspective, in the very first place, grants animals to have rights, since lack of animals rights endangers not alone the animals but also the human life on earth. A Brief History of Animals Rights Though the debates on animal right began to absorb heat during the 21 century, it has a root in the ancient philosophy. The Book of Genesis says that God has given Adam dominion all over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. (Francione, 1996, p. 45) A church doctrine religiosity most l ikely views such statement as the divine assertion of mans right over animal as the possession of material property. But a more tolerant view on this positive assertion considers that mans dominion over animal estate does not necessarily infer that man is the ruthless usurper or exploiter of animal ground (Francione, 1996, pp. 42-46). Rather he is the sincere guardian of animals and he must know what animals should have what rights. Furthermore, the famous philosopher, Pythagoras argues that animals should have the right to be respected because their souls are reincarnated from human souls and vice versa. Indeed, Pythagorass argument is mostly dictatorial so it needs to be validated from any ethical perspective. Even Aristotle also advocated such doctrinal view about animal right but he holds a view which is opposite to Pythagoras. He likes to see human beings and animals on the same Great Chain of Being. Indeed, Since Aristotles view is also tied with a rigid ethical framework , it cannot tell much about what man should do when mans right and animal right conflict with each other (Fellenz, 2007, pp.34-45) In modern Europe, the construct of animal right began to grow during the late 18th century. Arthur Schopenhauer (1998), who was a German philosopher, was a great champ of this the development of the concept of animal right in England. Though he supports mans make of eating meat, he appreciated the idea of animal right awakening more and more to a sense that beasts have rights, in proportion as the strange notion is being gradually

Human traficking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human traficking - Assignment ExampleWomen and young girls may engage in prostitution in their accord and is mostly not a mandatory involvement(Kligman & Limoncelli, 2005).Another type of piece trafficking is immigration purposes where many people wished to join other countries. Countries in Europe standardised German be prime countries, and many people want to enter the (Kligman & Limoncelli, 2005). Statistics shows that over thousands of people were trafficked to and away of eastern Europe. Most countries that had little Visa regulation made more people be trafficked into the country because trafficker could freely browse across the countries border.Poverty and low economic level in our society mostly faces women. From a statistic carried start it showed that the number of women being unemployed keeps raising this had pushed women to search for low paying jobs. Most women, therefore, are exploiting in the raw ways of making the ends meet leading them to be victims of human t rafficking.Push and pull factors are like gender discrimination where women are discriminated and seen as lesser beings. Pull factors like human trafficking are paid businesses in many European countries (Kligman & Limoncelli, 2005). There should a complete shutdown of human trafficking in Europe. in all underground ready markets for human trafficking are illegal.The United Nations define human trafficking as the process of use threat, deception, fraud or coax people so that they can be recruited and transferred to the individual country. Trafficking is mostly collectible to the greed of money by traffickers so that they can have people to work as slaves, laborers or slaves in their host country. The humans trafficked are prone to be exploited so that their body variety meat can be removed and sold or given to an influential person (Kligman & Limoncelli, 2005).In Eastern Europe, socioeconomic factor links to vulnerable people in a number of ways. Vulnerable individuals in socie ties face challenging life

Selected Retailer in Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Selected Retailer in Tesco - Case Study ExampleIts customer information base includes not only details about its clients interests, and only if also contains of an various(a) variety of other food-associate services and non-food services and products and also the life-style and demographic details of its shoppers which include agree dollars expended on food products in its stores and the customer response to its product promotion and allied programs. (Shajahan 2006205). For the first magazine in the year 2005, Tesco achieved the thirty percent trade share in the grocery market in UK.TESCO is the first retailer in UK to report revenues more than 2 billion. This is really astonishing as this kernel that every 8 spent by UK shoppers, about 1 will be spent in Tesco stores. TESCO during 2008/09 recorded net gross revenue of 1.9 billion and its profit during the year touched a new prime of 109 million. TESCO online shopping website is the top five most visited retail websites on the global level, and it attracts about 3.3 million visitors on a weekly basis. TESCO is distributing about 12 million catalogues during a year and receives about 475,000 orders per week. It has the most trenchant distribution system and has about 2000 home delivery vans and offers employment for more than 20000 individuals. (Wade-Gery 2009). Tescos online retail exchanges are on the increase on an annual basis. Total online sales by adult population were just 17% in 2003, which jumped to a whooping figure of 62 percent in 2010. Though, Tescos online sale is only 7% of total retail sales of UK, but there is a still brilliantly prospect for growth potential in this sector. (Wade-Gery 2009). TESCOs online business is not only large but also rapidly developing. Online business adds more revenue to Tesco, and it has a competitive advantage as a multi-channel offers are being made. TESCO online business is of low capital intensity in nature but with graduate(prenominal) returns. Fur ther, thethe online grocery market presents plenty of growth to Tesco as Tesco has penetrated about 3% of overall online grocery market in UK but only about 6.7% of Tescos grocery sales are made through and through online.

Final Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Final Assignment - Essay ExampleThe commentary of terrorist act varies from state to states and also among individuals. Notably, many definitions suggested cover the three aspects of terrorism including the ca utilisations, perpetrators and the means of attack.1 Defining terrorism is very rough because the meaning of the term has changed frequently since its inception, that is, it was initially seen as a positive, politically center and state-sponsored activity but with time, it has been largely associated with violent non-state actors and criminal implications. Secondly, terrorists never admit being terrorists and they never endure being violent and a threat to the international community but they comprehend themselves as center individuals participating in legitimate struggle using the only available means to them. In addition, the use of neutral names such as Al Qaeda attracts different public opinions. For instance, the victims of terrorism perceive the perpetrators as cri minals and while majority firmly opposes terrorism, some individuals offer sympathy and support to them. Therefore, bouting views makes it difficult to come up with a universally accepted definition.Uncivil network are seen as the drivers of the conflict as they encourage individuals to cause violence and engage in activities that disrupt peace.2 In most cases, bold networks are formed for political reasons. They are fraud to acquire power or political influence. In addition, they are formed to challenge the legal rules and they are mostly associated with illegality or criminal activities.Human trafficking is a process whereby individuals are transported from their communities or countries via the use of threat or deception and forcing them into unfavorable work conditions and dehumanizing activities. Agreeably, it is chiefly done to exploit individuals, for instance, it includes sexual exploitation, forced labor and marriage, and removing organs from individuals among others. It is a violation

Competition, Marketing Mix, and Pricing Research Paper

Competition, trade Mix, and Pricing - Research Paper ExampleKey Characteristics of the Users doctor General Hospital asseverates wide thread of services to its customers with different characteristics and with different needs and requirements. The hospital is based in Baltimore City, which is the largest city of Maryland. A snappy decline can be found in the Baltimores poverty line. Most of the people who invite themselves under the federal poverty line are moving to the suburban areas from the urban or subway cities. In the city of Baltimore, there are more than 21,000 people who are below poverty line, notwithstanding recently a major decline in the rate of the poor population has taken place. Maryland General Hospital targets people from both the metro and suburban area of the Baltimore. They offer specialized exchange premium services for the premium patients with high income level and as well offer general service for the mass. They also offer different special servi ces to different demographic strata, such as children care, senior citizen care and women care. For example, fondness catheterization is provided to adult and children separately. The Hospital offers some specialized service within the framework of women care. The Competitive Environment of the health Care Provider The competition generally arises on one or more elements like quality, price, thingmajig etc. Competition eliminates the inefficiency of the players. But in case of Maryland General Hospital, there is no such price competition among the leading players in the market as 75% of total cost for the intercession of an individual is provided by the health insurance comp whatsoever (Kronick, Goodman & Wennberg, 1993). Different hospitals try to differentiate its services on the basis of quality. If Porter five forces model is applied for Maryland General Hospital it will be clear that around of the competitions are coming from the rival hospitals. The competition is immens e for Maryland General Hospital. in that location are 14 hospitals in Maryland. All the hospitals provide customized services. A study suggests that 58% of the patients recommended for going once again to Maryland General Hospital while 77% people recommended for going Greater Baltimore medical centre. some people also recommended for Good Samaritan Hospital. Even in this respect the Mercy Medical Centre Inc has also got high points than Maryland General Hospital. The hospital faces quite low bargaining power from the suppliers as there are many suppliers present in the market. The timely deli rattling of equipment and medicines are very essential for the hospital. The hospital needs to depend highly on its suppliers to maintain goodwill in front of the customers as most of the hospitals are competing mostly on the quality and not on the price. There is no such terror from a new entrant in the market as the set up cost is very high for any new entrant and the corporeal evidence is the most important factor for any hospitals so the new entrant has to face a tough competition from the old players as the physical evidence is very unvoiced of the old players. There is no such substitute in hospitals product as it is a necessary service for all. The buyers bargaining power is also strong but as mostly the insurance company pays the bills, the bargaining power gets reduced. Tools of trade Mix Marketing comprises of seven elements. For the health care sector all the 7P

Lab rebort Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rebort - Lab Report ExampleTherefore, an inverse consanguinity existed between transmittance and minginess. The green and red solutions provided linear relationships between concentration and transmittance. The equation % T=1/%Concentration was established where % transmission increased with a decrease in concentration. The above equation meant that plotting %T on the y-axis and 1/% concentration on the x-axis gave a straight line that passed through the origin (y badger as zero). However, it was not possible to obtain a precise linear relationship between transmittance and concentration for the blue and blue-green solutions.Overall, the aim of the experiment was achieved because a relationship between transmittance and concentration was obtained. However, the setup could be improved further by increasing the percentage concentrations, for example, from 0% to 5% to 10% and so on. Additionally, the solutions that did not yield good linear results (blue and blue-green) could be dil uted further to enable the giving medication of a linear relationship between transmittance and concentration. It was concluded that spectrophotometry was a reliable technique in the determination of the concentrations of colored

Midterm paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Midterm paper - Essay ExampleWhile some great deal view this summons as good, others totally disagree with the practice on moral and other ethical considerations. Therefore, this necessitates for an outline of both perspectives. Consequently, the paper will outline both line of credits for and against the issue as stipulated in the concord before providing a conclusion. Consequently, the paper will first outline the argument against the issue as stipulated by Teresa Savage. Next, it will outline the argument for the issue as stipulated by Sarah Shannon. Thus, both arguments will be outline with regard to the Ashley Treatment. Therefore, this implies that Sarahs argument will be in support of the Ashley Treatment whereas Teresas argument will be in opposition of the Ashley Treatment. In addition, the paper will also provide an appraisal of the issue based on individual views and thoughts. Finally, the paper will conclude by asserting that the service of using steroids and surge ry to stunt handicapped childrens proceeds is not ethical and morally perpendicular thus, reinstating the thesis statement that pulmonary tuberculosis of steroids and surgery in stunting the growth of disabled children is not ethical. fall out Summary As mentioned earlier, there exist contrasting views with regard to whether or not it is ethical to use steroids and surgery in the stunting of disabled childrens growth. ... On the contrast, Nurse Teresa Savage believes that severely disabled children should have independent advocates championing for them. These advocates should preferably be persons with disabilities. Thus, they offer a more critical judgment to the stake with respect to both the benefits and risks of the proposed interventions. Summary of the Ashley Treatment Ashley was born in 1997 with an extreme brain impairment referred to as encephalopathy. Consequently, this condition implies that Ashley can never develop beyond the level of an infant. Thus, Ashley was dev eloping corporally, but her mental capacity was limited to that of an infant. Consequently, this situation posed a significant challenge to her parents in regards to her upbringing. Her parents felt that her physical growth would, at some point, become overwhelming, rendering them unable to effectively care for their child. Consequently, they sought for a checkup intervention that would stunt her growth and prevent her from physically growing. This implied that Ashley would not have fully developed physical organs such as reproductive organs and breasts. It also meant that she would not undergo the menstrual process and that she would also be infertile. Consequently, this process involved the use of sex steroids in effecting stunted growth on Ashley thus, resulting in crucial moral and ethical issues. In the analysis of the use of steroids and surgery to achieve the desired results, a few factors have to be considered Ashleys underlying medical condition Social context surround ing the issue Resources available for caring for severely disabled children Yes In Support of the Ashley Treatment (Sarah Shannon) In her support of the Ashley Treatment Sarah

Conservation of momentum Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conservation of momentum - Lab Report ExampleDuring the prove one should ensure that at least three class periods for a particular step ar taken then an average of the reading obtained so as to minimize the errors of parallax. The experiment needs to be through at least in dickens ways to confirm the recorded values and minimize the errors. The stop watch and all the apparatus used for the experiment needs to be observed before the beggining of the experiment to ascertain their efficiency. The experiment could also be done in an area with vacuum conditions in order to minimize the interferences in obtaining the readings due to air resistance. The two values for V obtain in part 1 and part 2 are non as close as they are expected. This is so due to the errors during the experiment. With bulge out errors, the two values of velocity should be the same. Reanalyzation of the tale values using the largest h fails to make any significant change in the final examination results of v (S usan 10). The fact is that the two values fail to be as close as they are expected to be. However repeating the entire experiment while avoiding the experimental errors may give out values that are close to the theoretical

James Matthew Barrie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

James Matthew Barrie - Essay ExampleBarrie himself, in the novel titled by his mothers name, Margaret Ogilvy (1896), describes his mothers genuinely careful waysShe begins the day by the fireside with the New volition in her hands, an old loudness with its loose pages beautifully refixed, and its covers sewn and resewn by her, so that you would say it can never fall to pieces. It is mine now, and to me the black threads with which she stitched it are as part of the contents. Other books she read in the commonplace manner, but this one differently, her lips moving with each word as if she were reading aloud, and her face very solemn. The Testament lies open on her lap long after she has ceased to read, and the expression of her face has not changed. (Chapter 3)Books were indeed very common in the Barrie household and would surely sow the seeds of imagination in the young James that would do him very well in his writing career. Margaret would read the classics in Robinson Crusoe a nd Arabian Nights, among many others, together with her children, thus giving them the desire to read and to allow their creativity fly. Yet, as any biography of the respected novelist and dramatist will surely mention, an important moment in Barries youth was the tragic death of his older brother, David, in a senseless skating hazard before the 14th birthday. David had been a favorite of the mother and from this accident she never fully recovered. The young James, barely s plain at the time of the tragedy, made every lovable attempt to console his mother, once even wearing Davids suit. Only then was he rewarded with the first endeavor glances of his mother toward him (Sarris, Page 1) This key event in Barries youth would turn into one of the near haunting images in his art, because in the eyes of his mother, comfort was found in the fact that her dead son would roost a boy forever, never to grow up and leave her (Wikipedia, Page 1).Barrie managed to complete his education at Dumfries Academy at the University of Edinburgh with an M.A. in 1882. He started professional work as a journalist for a local newspaper before moving to London in 1885, freelancing for national dailies and magazines. After three eld in London, Barrie produced his first novel, Better Dead (1888) - a funny whodunit about the imaginary deaths of the most famous celebrities at the time. Indeed, his own fame would soon follow with a series of novels based on his hometown of Kirriemuir, spring with Auld Licht Idylls (1888), A Window in Thrums (1889), and The Little Minister (1891). Soon after, with his working together with Charles Frohman, Barrie cognize his ambitions of writing plays which in turn made his stature grow as one of Britains most best-selling(predicate) writers. His penthouse would entertain a continuous line of visitors including ministers, royalties, politicians, artists, celebrities, socialites and a list of whos who in society at that time. Already, he counted the most famous writers as his friends Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, Thomas Hardy, H.G. Wells, Jerome K. Jerome, George Bernard Shaw. His influence was beginning to exert itself well that he even managed to form a cricket team of these literature giants called the Allahakbarries, a

Introduction to britich politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to britich politics - Essay ExampleThe beginning of conservatism dated back in the Great War in Britain. During this time, powerful debates about the soul and the thoughts of conservatism were widely spread. The participants were mainly the bombastic historians who were the great thinkers in the society. The historians had many arguments in common about the nature of the human beings. However, their areas of specialization differed in terms of the interpretation of issues. They were always aligned to particular political classes. The prominent historians often had chances to address capacious multitudes that eventually purchased their works thereby promoting their doctrines further. Many people also read their works in chump media as well as in television and radio. They were a great inspiration to the people.The conservatism that exists in the current day in Britain can be traced back in the mid 1750s to early 1800. This came as a reaction to the swift changes and a series of prospects that faced the nation as well as other neighboring European nations. During this period, the Torry party was change in to the conservative party. This mainly came as a result of the electoral reforms in 1832 that was aimed at educating the conservatives on ways in which they could become productive and ego reliant in the society. This came as a result of the common believe that personal initiatives are ordinarily more effective in bringing the desired results than those that are done communally. Conservatism in the Britain is in some manner interrelated with that of other Western Nations (Daunton 1995 pp.27-31). However, it is unique in a way that distinguishes it from the others. Conservatism in Britain schematic in under the patronage of renowned historians. The torry party was the first to establish the original characteristics of conservatism. It was later transformed in to the conservative party. The

Thyroid Cancer in Women Essay Example for Free

thyroid gland crabby person in Women endeavorIntroductionThyroid crabby person is admittedly the commonest endocrine malignancy often detected among young patients and ofttimes among the women. In most populations, the median age of its detection tends to be quite a abject, actually below 40 in most instances. It is currently the fastest growing cancers among women. Despite the fact that the cancer is still quite r ar, it continues to be increasingly on the rise among women across the globe and especially heavy(predicate) women. Most experts argon non quite certain on the causes despite the fact that they score been able to identify the assay factors at play. Essentially, at that place ar four principal(prenominal) types of thyroid gland cancer Follicular, papillary, medullary and anaplastic. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are jointly referred to as distinguish thyroid cancer since their prognosis is more hearty relative to the other types. Among most young women, their gestation period periods are normally accompanied with differentiated thyroid cancer. The perplexity of this type of cancer poses endangerments due to the concerns of maternal and fetal health. With most women experiencing rises in differentiated thyroid cancer during pregnancy with a prevalence rate of 14 per 100,000, it has be love necessary to discern the management of the ailment (Smith, Danielsen, Allen Cress, 2003)Literature reviewDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a higher incident among women indoorstheir productive ages. It has long been speculated that the linkup between human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), estrogen and DTC exists. Numerous studies have pointed out an association between high parity and the risk of DTC in pregnant women (Kravdal, Glattre, Haldorsen, 1991). However, the data on the association between DTC and estrogen seem to be gravely inconsistent with nigh studies indicating a pro-proliferative set on the thyroid cancer cell lines occasioned with estrogen while other studies point at estrogens stimulatory military unit on the adenomatous and normal thyroid only (Lee et al., 2005)Clinical data in like manner conflicts one study revealed a high risk of DTC infection among women exposed to oral contraceptives containing estrogen with another reporting no association between DTC and usage of exogenous hormones Data on the effect of HCG on DTC tends to be really discordant and non confirmatory. Despite the fact that rising levels of HCG during pregnancy tends to stimulate the production of thyroid hormones, at that place has not been any coherent evidence that links HCG and DTC. On the basis of women cohort development fertility drugs for treatment, there was no association observed between use of HCG and DTC. Simply put, tally to available epidemiologic data, high parity and the risk to DTC are associated but there is still some lack of clarity with regard to outcomes of DTC diagnosed at pregnanc y (Mack, Preston-Martin, Bernstein, Qian, Xiang, 1999).As a result of the overt effeminate to male ratio in the incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly the differentiated cancers, within their reproductive years, epidemiological studies have seriously focused on the role of reproductive exposures among women. Most studies have generally come up with findings that concur with the role of reproductive exposures. There is a minimal contribution of reproductive factors in the etiology and development of thyroid cancer among women. In fact, several mooring control studies have revealed increase risk with abortion or miscarriage, particularly during the first pregnancy (McTiernan Weiss Daling, 1987). Arguably, this is one of the most recognized reproductive risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer among women.There is an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer among women who use lactation suppressants and this risk seems to increase with the number of pregnancies in which the suppressants are used (McTiernan, Weiss Daling, 1984). risk of exposure factors for thyroid cancerA risk factor refers to anything that plays a role in influencing a psyches chance of contracting a particular disease. Admittedly, there are several risk factors target any particular cancer. It essential however be emphasized that risk factors do not verbalise everything, rather, they illuminate, to a less degree, the probable cause of the disease. It must also be asserted that the absence of a risk factor does not absolve one from contracting a particular cancer. Experts have also come to the conclusion that having one or several risk factors increases the chances of one contracting the cancer. In the case of thyroid cancer, there are a number of risk factors that have been reported and they will be discussed below.Gender and age have been noted to be among the leading risk factors of thyroid cancer. Globally, women are tercet times likely to be affected by thyroid cancer c ompared with their male counterparts. On the solvent of age, thyroid cancer can develop at any particular age. However, cardinal thirds of the cancer cases are more prevalent between ages 20 and 55.On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer tends to be diagnosed later 60 year of age (Braunstein, 2011).Exposure to ray has scientifically been proven to be a risk factor in the development of thyroid cancer. The main sources of the radiations could emanate from medical treatments, nuclear weapons and fallouts from power define accidents. Moderate levels of exposure to radiations increase the risks of follicular and papillary cancer. Such sources include Low to moderate doses of x- beam treatments that were used to treat children with tonsils, acne ad other head and neck pains Persons who have received radiation therapy for lymphoma in the head and neck are more inclined to develop follicular and papillary cancer. early(a) exposure to radioactive iodine especially at childhood in creases the risk of contracting follicular and papillary cancers.There are certain types of thyroid cancer that are normally associated with genes. Actually, 20% of patients suffering from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) tend to possess an abnormal gene that facilitates the development of the disease (Cooper et al, 2009). The gene is usually passed to offspring. The thyroid cancer that emanates from genetic abnormality is referred to as familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. In the case of papillary thyroid cancer, there is some element of heredity but the genetic basis hasnt been established.Intake of dietary iodine is a leading environmental influence of thyroid cancer prevalence in particular. Follicular thyroid cancers tend to be more prevalent in geographic locations with low iodine in diets. In the United States, there is adequate iodine as it is normally added in diets. Diets low in iodine may increase to incidence of papillary thyroid cancer when the victim is also exposed to some radioactivity.Management of thyroid cancerApproximately 10% of thyroid cancer cases that occur in the reproductive years of most women tend to be detected during pregnancy or early in their post- partum period (Cooper et al, 2009). In the case of a pregnant woman, treatment and subsequent carry out tend to be similar to the non pregnant women save for the prescription and use of radioactive iodine. There are certain differences in the manner in which differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer are treated. However, the most important considerations in the treatment of thyroid cancer in pregnant women must entail Effect of the cancer on the pregnancy Effect of the pregnancy on the cancer make of the management modalities on the outcome of the pregnancyManaging DTC during pregnancy will mainly fall between two scenarios The first entails women diagnosed from the beginning during pregnancy while the other one will include women who had previously been give who h ave now become pregnant or are anticipating pregnancy. Each of the groups brings with it peculiar therapeutic challenges that rent for a clinical approach guided by the disease stage, preferences of the patient and the particular stage of the pregnancy.Thyroid surgical process at pregnancyThere is no objective consensus on the ideal timing of surgery for DTC women in labor. Generally, individualized decisions tend to be based on the wishes of the patient and other risk factors. However, in the event that a surgery has to be performed as a result of a large tumour or even the patients concern then it is better performed during the second trimester of the pregnancy to annul the risk of abortion that is bound to occur if the surgery is performed in the first trimester. In case there is no life threatening risk, then it is recommended that the surgery be done after delivery (Cooper et al, 2009).Radioiodine therapy during pregnancyThis therapy is usually contraindicated at pregnancy since it exposes the foetus to highly radioactive elements that may impair its normal development. Therefore, women plan for this therapy must exclude their pregnancy phase. Postpartum radioiodine therapy must be deferred for 6-8 weeks after breastfeeding has stopped.Thyroid hormone fill-in and pregnancySuch a therapy must commence with some pre- pregnancy counseling on the splendour of undertaking frequent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and of adjusting dosage.Personal refectionAdmittedly, the numerous incidents of DTC among women and in particular pregnant women have become issues of great concern. Despite the numerous research that has been undertaken on the topic, none has concretely provided the main reason why women continue to be victims of the disease. Nonetheless, if women will be screened early before reaching their eyeshade years, the chances of being treated of the diseases are high and as much(prenominal) the development of the fetus will not be hampered. Additi onally, despite the fact that certain risk factors are beyond our control, the ones under human control, such as iodine presence in diets, ought to be addressed and enforced.ConclusionThere is no discredit whatsoever that the incidents of thyroid cancer are on the rise and especially among women. The data that has been adopted in the research is indeed suggestive despite the fact that it fails to fully convince. It must be admitted that mankind, despite devising several advancements in medical technology, has contributed to enhancement of thyroid malignancy by adopting therapeutic radiations as hygienic as nuclear fission. Hence, the resulting high thyroid cancer prevalence has been buoyed by genetic mutation, environmental carcinogens and autoimmune phenomena.With proper clinical attendance, thyroid cancer can be properly managed with exposing the mother or the fetus to any danger. It is therefore recommended that women should always be screened early in life and regularly to av oid the compromising situations that the find themselves in whenever they are pregnant.ReferencesBraunstein, G. (2011).Thyroid crabby person. Boston Springer.D. S. Cooper, G. M. Doherty, B. R. Haugen et al.(2009).Revised American thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 19 (11), 11671214, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19860577M. L. Lee, G. G. Chen, A. C. Vlantis, G. M. K. Tse, B. C. H. Leung, and C. A. Van Hasselt(2005).Induction of thyroid papillary carcinoma cell proliferation by estrogen is associated with an modify expression of Bcl-xL. Cancer Journal, 11(2), 113121.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Induction%20of%20thyroid%20papillary%20carcinoma%20cell%20proliferation%20by%20estrogen%20is%20associated%20with%20an%20altered%20expression%20of%20Bcl-xL.McTiernan A. M., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R. (1984). Incidence of th yroid cancer in women in relation to reproductive and hormonal factors. Am. J. Epidemiology., 120 423-435.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/120/3/423 McTiernan A., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R. (1987). Incidence of thyroid cancer in women in relation to known or suspected risk factors for breast cancer. Cancer Res., 47 292-295.Retrieved on September 24, 2012 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3791213O. Kravdal, E. Glattre, and T. Haldorsen. (1991).Positive correlation between parity and incidence of thyroid cancer smart evidence based on complete Norwegian birth cohorts. International Journal of Cancer, 49(6) 831836.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1959987Smith, L., Danielsen, B., Allen, M., Cress, R. (2003). Cancer associated with obstetric delivery results of linkage with the California cancer registry. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(4),1128-1135. Retrieved September 24, 2012, from http// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14586366W. J. Mack, S. Preston-Martin, L. Bernstein, D. Qian, and M. Xiang (1999).Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County females. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, (8)11, 991997.Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Reproductive%20and%20hormonal%20risk%20factors%20for%20thyroid%20cancer%20in%20Los%20Angeles%20County%20females

Life of William Shakespeare Paper Essay Example for Free

Life of William Shakespeare Paper Essay incessantly since the death of Shakespeare, his life was only well cognize about his plays and poems. He had written many celebrated Plays such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and etc and his famous poems were the Sonnets. Many decades have passed since his death and his plays and poems are still famous and establish out loud in schools. Sadly, only a few people knew about Shakespeares life and how he became a Bard. Details about William Shakespeares life are sketchy, mostly mere surmise base upon court or other clerical records. (e nones. com).Shakespeares early life was not very well cognise to the public at this time but according Enotes, he was born in Stratford upon Avon, England in 1564. accord to the website william-shakespeare. org. uk. There were records of William Shakespeare being born in the Holy Trinity parish church, in Stratford, on April 26, 1564. His dad tin Shakespeare, was a yeomana glover and commodities mer chant. (enotes. com). His mother Mary, was a Land owner or as they called it endorse then, a landed gentry.Shakespeare was the 3rd child of the family but he was one of the childs that lived for a long time. He had 4 sisters and 4 brothers. According to William went to a grammar school until the age of fourteen but he did not continue his education at a university. In 1582, at the age of eighteen he unite Anne Hathaway and had their first child, Susanna six months after their marriage in 1583. after two years, they had twins named Judith and Hamnet. It is estimated that Shakespeare arrived in capital of the United Kingdom around 1588 and began to establish himself as an actor and playwright. (bardweb. net ). According to bardweb. net the exact date of Shakespeare dismission to London is unknown but estimated to 1588. They thought Shakespeare moved to London because he was pursued by the legal philosophy for poaching deer on private property. ( enotes. com ). The same year he wa s called an upstart crow, the theater of operations closed(a) in London because of the Black Death plague. By 1594 Shakespeare had joined a theater troupe known as the Lord Chamberlains Men. During this time period, Shakespeare had expressed many of his plays but sadly, it was not to last Soon, the law had prohibited plays throughout the reach of London. According to william-shakespeare. org. uk , Shakespeare was very successful in 1596 due to his performance while ottoman Elizabeth the first was present. He also got permission to hang his coat of arms and he got very flush because of his career. In 1597 they started to make the populace Theatre and finished making it in 1598 (which Shakespeare got 10% of the profit from the Globe Theatre).One day, while the Globe Theater was performing the play King Henry VIII, on June 29, 1613, on that point was a fire due to the cannon that was shot, since the building was made of wood, the fire spread quickly. That day, the globe theater was destroyed. Three years before the fire, Shakespeare retired and went back to Stratford upon Avon, England. Though he lived a wealthy life, according the twain websites, the cause of his death was unknown. He died on April 23, 1616 at the age of fifty-two. Just four weeks before his death, on March 25, 1616, he wrote his will.In his will he gave his properties to his daughter Susanna (bardweb. net ). According to that website Shakespeare he remaining ? 300 to his daughter Judith (who was still living at the time) and his wife he left her his second outmatch bed. William Shakespeare was buried on April 25th 1616 in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon. (william-shakespeare. org. uk ). After William Shakespeare died, he was buried 3 days after his death and according to that website his tomb was beneath the floors of the church in the chancel.In the end, there was almost no record of Shakespeares life but some records. After the death of Shakespeare people found out that h e wrote those plays that were performed in the Globe Theatre. They were all written in Shakespeares First Folio. Work Citation N. P, Enotes. com, eNotes Inc. 2011, 16 Nov. 2011 L. K. , Alchin, William Shakespeare info. November 21 2005. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. Pressley, J. M. Bard web the Shakespeare Resource halfway 1997-2011 16 November 2011.

Code of Ethics Comparison Essay Example for Free

Code of ethical motive Comparison EssayDifferences and similarities were described in the Code of Ethics of the American Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors. The two codes are comparable in many ways. The American Association of Christian Counselors focus on the Christian aspect and the American Counseling Association is based on humanness views. It is important to understand that counselors should not impose their personal values on thickenings, however religion chiefly consist of mental pictures that indivi doubles adapt and practice. All counselors should remain subtle when providing services guests and allow them to get out the decision if they assume to adopt a certain value or religious flavor to help them cope with life. The popular similarities of the ethic codes American Counseling Association and American Association of Christian Counselors consists of providing help to nodes who are in a crisis situation. According to t he text, The ACA AACC codes both encourage client growth and development which fosters healthy relationships. They both examine to avoid persecute and personal values when assisting clients. They both inform clients of informed consent and protect clients to elucidate their trust so that they can create an ongoing partnership, by retaining confidentiality.They both find it important to maintain trust in awareness of sensitivity regarding cultural diversity. Both ACA AACC respect the rights of privacy of their clients (Corey, G, Corey M Callanan, 2011, pg. 94). I feel it is essential for all counselors to understand a clients cultural background, religious belief and values to effectively provide appropriate caveat when making decisions. This information volition allow counselors to make better informed decisions and build a stronger partnership.According to the text, both ACA AACC maintain records to ensure clients are provided with the high hat service which allows the c ounselor to maintain a continuity record for future sessions (Corey, G, Corey M Callanan, 2011, pg. 173). The differences in the two ethics codes consist of the following According to the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) mission is to bring repay to Jesus Christ and his church, promote excellence in Christian counseling, and bring unity to Christian counselors.A more detailed and style-specific ethical code is needed for Christian counselors simply because of incompetent services among Christian counselors, unprotected legal status, and the vitality and growing maturity of Christian counseling. This code shows four streams of influence which complicate the bible standards of Christian counseling and the established mental health disciplines Christian and mental health professions up-to-the-minute and developing standards derived from mental health and ministry-related law.According to the text, Christian counselors should maintain the highest standards of com petence with integrity. Christian counselors are viewed truthful, educated, and experienced. Christian counselors do not disrespect different professional counselors, mental health professionals (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). Comparing and contrast duties to client and to the Profession According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors will protect clients and do no harm which is the first rule of professional-ministerial ethical conduct.Christian counselors will express a loving care to any client, service-inquiring person, or anyone encountered in the course of practice or ministry, without regard to race, ethnicity, gender sexual behavior or orientation, socio-economic status, education, denomination, belief system, values or political affiliation. Christian counselors acknowledge that client conflicts are unavoidable. Christian counselors take proper action against the harmful behavior of other counselors and pastors. Clients will be pr otected against harm and danger wherever it is found.Christian counselors refuse to condone or advocate for abortion and the abortion-related activities of clients. All counselors will consider and inform clients of alternative means to abortion and as far as it is possible, will keep up to serve clients and work compassionately with them through the abortion crisis. According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Compared to other professionals, Christian counselors refuse to condone or advocate for the pursuit of or active involvement in homosexual, transgendered, and cross-dressing behavior, and in the adoption gay lesbian transgendered lifestyles by clients.Christian counselors will not advocate for or support clients who wish to die due to medical reasons, or support the use of drugs to be utilise to end a life. The death of a patient whitethorn occur however, initiating action to end a terminally ill patients pain is unethical. According to the American As sociation of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors do not provide counseling to close family or friends due to the conflict of interest.They presume that dual relations with other family members, acquaintances, and fraternal, club, association, or group members are potentially troublesome and best avoided. Often times, family and friends whitethorn get offended when offering professional assistance. Christian counselors along with other counselors will secure client consent for all counseling and related services. This may include video/audio taping of client sessions, the use of supervisory and consultative help, the application of special procedures and evaluations, and the communication of client data.According to the text, Christian counselors may refer clients who are beyond their ability or scope of practice or when consultation is inappropriate, unavailable, or unsuccessful. Referrals should be coordinated after the client is provided with informed choices of referrals ( Clinton Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors are encouraged, beyond their fee schedule, to make a portion of their time and services available without salute or at greatly reduced fee to those who are unable to pay.On the other hand, counselors may not provide services to clients without some form of payment. Often times, Christian counselors enjoy what they do and may avoid financial practices that could result in greed. Christian counselors feel negative toward high fees and prolonged sermon for monetary gains. According to the text, Christian counselors do not withhold services to anyone of a different faith, religion, denomination, or value system.It is essential for Christian counselors as ell as other counselors to understand the clients belief system and cultural background in order to provide the best care possible (Clinton Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 273). Christian counselors should not impose their personal values however support the clients values in a professional manner. It is important to understand that Christian counselors do not abandon clients. Services should neer abruptly end without sufficient notice and proper notification for termination or referral.

Abraham Lincoln - Symbol of the unlimited possibilities Essay Example for Free

Abraham capital of Nebraska Symbol of the unlimited possibilities examineThere are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they force out be credit with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was nonpareil such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, Honest Abe as he has become known, shows no signs of losing his touch. He sits enshrined in his own monument with his famous words etched in stone around him. He commands respect, celebrate and the everlasting thanks of the American people. More than a thousand books have been published on his feel and deeds. This is the man who non only freed the knuckle downs but who held the nation together through the terror of the Civil War. His b bothy(a) assassination has become the nightmare scenario of legend. The myths that make up the story of Abraham Lincoln have been re-told many times. At their root is the story slightly the boy natural into the Kentucky wilder ness, who had less than a year in make sense of formal schooling.That same boy went on to become Americas most famous chairperson. Lincolns rise from a distressing pioneer family who taught himself to become a lawyer is the story of the American dream. From state legislator to his nomination as presidential candidate that dream is the stuff of legends. He has become a symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life. To estimate the bravery and the courage that Lincoln undoubtedly showed, it is not enough to say that he saved the Union. incomplete is it enough to say that he braved his critics to bring in emancipation and to end the appalling slave trade. To richly understand Lincolns achievements, is to try and gain an insight into American society of that time. The republic was only a offspring of a few decades old. In this melting pot of nationhood and states, political feelings ran high. Lincoln, above all, saw himself and his countrymen as inheritors of a sacred tr ust. He believed that democracy was entrusted into his hands and those of his countrymen.He was prepared to stand up and fight for those beliefs. The situation is as laudable as these sentiments were, there could not possibly have been a more backbreaking time to try and put them into practice. The issue of slavery above all others dominated the day. It would unwrap two politics and the country as a whole. Abraham Lincoln was not in two minds about slavery. He found it abhorrent. The fact is that many states, primarily in the North, stood against slavery. Many in the South did not. They were afraid that a Republican President effectively from the North would try and abolish slavery throughout the nation. Lincoln was take President for his first term in 1860 at the point when a huge part of the Union, threaten to break away over the issue of slavery. The situation was for Lincoln neither a reason for detachment nor Civil War. In his inaugural address he spoke about the need to find a peaceful way forwards.In spite of Lincolns plea, the Confederacy broke away and on March 4 1861 and the country erupted into the Civil War he had feared above all else. That scenario was a nightmare of complications and strategies that had to be win inside a cauldron of dissent. There was no road map. There were no precedents for dealing with states that had succeeded. Lincoln was at heart and by trade, a lawyer. He was not a soldier. However he did not flinch from his duty, or from the task in front of him. Where lesser men might have illogical heart, Lincoln began the long struggle towards unity and reunification. When he judged that the time was right, he announced the abolition of the slave trade, issuing the emancipation proclamation on January 1st 1863. The war took a heavy toll. Lincoln mourned the disaster of lives lost on the battlefield. His speech communication after the battle of Gettysburg on November 19th 1863 is one of the most miserable and famous of all elegies for fallen soldiers.In spite of high casualties and falling morale, when Atlanta finally knock down to the Union, Lincoln was re-elected for a second term. Lincolns second inaugural address is according to some, one of the greatest of all his speeches. In it, he looks forwards not only to the coming end of the war but likewise towards the future. His plea should never be forgotten, Malice towards none Charity towards all. Part of Abraham Lincolns legacy is the fact that he was very much a human figure. We know many details of his life including that of his courtship and liquid marriage to Mary Todd. Theirs was tender and loving relationship scarred by loss and tragedy. Of the four sons born to them, only one grew into adulthood. The quiet and loving home life the president enjoyed was in stark secernate to the violence and hatred that was tearing the nation apart. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomatox on April 9 1865, a weary nation waited to see what Lincoln s response would be.An expectant crowd gathered outside the washrag House. Lincoln addressed them for the last time. In his speech he tackled the thorny issues of reuniting a country split by war. In that same speech he talked about the rights of freed slaves. He now talked openly about black suffrage. Listening in that crowd was one John Wilkes Booth, a racist and a participator who vowed that this would be Lincolns last speech. Indeed it was. Booth assassinated the President on April 14th 1865. Mary his married woman was sitting beside her husband as they watched a play. She was holding his hand as he was shot. She never recover fully from his death. It was a death that Lincoln himself had reportedly foreseen in a dream some cardinal days earlier. The assassination of Lincoln stunned the nation.His body was mourned for three weeks at it was toured through the cities of the North. Public regret was immense for perhaps the most extraordinary figure in political history. Today t he image of the penniless tall and severe man is as familiar to us as our own fathers. Indeed to many, Abraham is the cause figure of America. We can only hope, like so many before us that we too can live up to the vision and the dreams that he left for us. Behind his statue lie the famous words of the Gettysburg address, in which the president extolled, That this nation, under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall never perish from the earth.They are words that are as relevant to us forthwith as the day on which they were first spoken. How ironic then that in the same speech the President said that the words spoken there would not long be remembered. Fortunately, for every US citizen, he was wrong His words, his deeds and his hopes, like those of any father, are his legacy to all his children.Sources used in this speech and related informationAbraham Lincoln Birthplace http//capital of Nebraska.hodgenvil le.net/lincoln/ Abraham Lincoln On-line http//showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/last.htm CV for Abraham Lincoln http//www-personal.engin.umich.edu/sldavis/firstsite/index.htm

Faster Fitness Inc. Case Study Analysis. Essay Example for Free

Faster seaworthiness Inc. Case Study Analysis. EssayThis is bound to be a great break by means of for faster fittingness as a result of the introduction of Body Flex 100 and Body Flex 200. These brands turn out already commanded interest in many dealers whose orders in the recent trade show have hitherto exceeded our yield capability. Faster Fitness Inc. has the opportunity to exploit this new market for these machines that allow users a immense browse of motions depending on the exercise performed. Body Flex 200 especially with its unique capabilities should be capable to put Faster Fitness in the lead in exercise equipments in future. We have every(prenominal) reason to be positive(predicate) of making good profits especially because we have a draw poker of advantages in the production of these machines. First of all, this new technology is patented to Faster Fitness. Patents ar an advantage to the caller as they protect the technology of the firm from being copied or adopted by other companies.A company that tries to use the technology without permission can be sued (Stim, 2007) under the United States law. This way, we are assure of market for as long as no superior technology overtakes us. The increasing market for interior(a) exercising machines in the United States is bound to provide the desired income given the unique capabilities of our machines which are specifically designed for home use.Resources required for the manufacturing of the machines are as well as obtainable and what needs to be done is to gear up for their supplies. Presence of a good workforce is to a fault of great importance to the company. Though non exuberant at the moment it will work well with the few additions in the painting and finishing.There are challenges in that the production capacity is not adequate to meet the demand currently. The problem may not be solved until after a year due to the resources required upgrading the department. Inventory space is also very limited. The fact that staff needs training before the start of the project may live production.Other details in this paper include quality control strategy selection, long range forecasts and profit estimates. It analyzes the whole production lick for the production of BF100 and BF200 while analyzing profitability and efficiency in production through creating a production schedule.The production schedule helps in organizing the factors of production and ensures that the targets are met (Pinedo, 2005 McKay and Wier, 2004). Designing a production schedule is required in order to organize the production of the machines and also make sure that the customers needs are met. A production schedule according to Herrmann (2006) provides a guidepost on the daily duties that should be performed so that no detail is left out in the process. It also guides the employees in the daily duties as it provides for time taken to do each chore.Process and the production schedule.The proces s involves about seven processes divided into three departments. The machines parts components and other resources will have to pass through the various departments before they can be made into the final product ready for delivery. work of the machines then follows the sequence shown below.The machine parts pass through the machining shop and welding shop for fabrication and welding. These two shops are in the machining and welding departments. They are then taken for finishing and painting before landing place in the assembly, testing and packaging departments where they go through the final stage before reaching the consumer.Production of BF100 requires at least eleven hours (a total of 660 minutes) completing while BF200 will take twenty quadruplet hours (1440 minutes) due to its complexity and the additional leg press sub assembly. Consider that 300 hours are available for both machining and welding, 450 hours for painting and finishing and 150 hours of Assembly, testing and packaging.The schedule will be made to declare fifteen units of BF100 and fifteen units of BF200. Out of the three hundred hours available for machining and welding per month, BF100 will take up one twenty hours (120) while B200 will take up 180 hours. Given that there are twelve hours of overtime per week then we can produce four more BF200 machines to make it 19 machines since they are more valuable to the company.

Assessment and Feedback Essay Example for Free

discernment and Feedback search mind drives the choices school-age childs make roughly their attainment. It is widely recognised that estimate and feedback contain the strongest potential to change how, and what, pupils do to succeed in their learning (Ramsden, 2003). This Effective tenet lease on Assessment provides practical suggestions on mind and feedback.Assessment of Learning and Assessment for Learning David Boud, a recognised researcher and scholar of perspicacity in higher education, suggests that assessment has many purposes, but particularly to help bookmans to improve their learning and exhibit students learning. These two purposes lead to different ways of thinking astir(predicate) what, how, and when to assess studentsAssessment OF Learning Assessment FOR Learning Focused on learning that has already happened Focused on learning for the future devising a judgement about final performance Goal is to provide useful information to students about how to learn Designed to discriminate between students action and performance more effectively Focused on sets, precision and measurement Helps students to identify what they do and dont know commission is on defy-to doe with that tasks are reliable and valid improvement and, Testing usually takes place under standardised conditions and, Develops students judgements about the quality of their work and how Grade contributes to final certification. to improve. According to Boud and Associates Seven Propositions for Assessment mend in Higher Education (2010), assessment has most effect when 1. Assessment is used to engage students in learning that is productive (including the need for assessment to be seeed to focus students on learning) 2. Feedback is used to actively improve student learning 3. Students and teachers become responsible partners in learning and assessment 4.Students are inducted into the assessment practices and cultures of higher education 5. Assessment for le arning is placed at the centre of subject and project design 6. Assessment for learning is a focus for staff and institutional development and, 7. Assessment provides inclusive and legitimate representation of student achievement. The power of feedback Feedback plays an important role in improving students learning. A useful compendious is that provided by Gibbs and Simpsons (2004).In their meta-study of the research about how assessment and feedback support student learning, 7 of their 10 identified conditions relate to feedback, and students understanding of feedback. These are Sufficient feedback is provided, both often comely and in enough detail Feedback focuses on students performance, on their learning and on actions under the students control, rather than on the students themselves and on their characteristics Feedback is well-timed(a) in that it is received by students while it still matters to them, and in time for them to pay attention to pull ahead learning or rece ive further assistance Feedback is appropriate to the purpose of the denomination and to its criteria for success Feedback is appropriate, in relation to students understanding of what they are supposed to be doing Feedback is received and attended to and, Feedback is acted on by the student. Hounsell (2004) in addition makes the following points about feedback It push aside be extrinsic (assessment-focused) or intrinsic (activity and practice-based) It can be warm and verbal (in order to address the potential lack of engagement when it arrives after an assessment) It can be provided to be a whole class It can be many to many where students are involved in identifying the strengths and weaknesses (peer feedback) and, Feedback can be a loop it can be offered on unfinished work. Another useful idea is feed-forward. Feed-forward encourages students to use something like a mark polish (also captured by the idea of criteria and standards) to help political program their a ntenna to an assessment. While a marking form of address is routinely used by university teachers to mark/category students work (as an expression of what a student needs to demonstrate (and the level they need to achieve) to receive a particular grade), the idea of feed-forward is about encouraging students to use that same information in the rubric to visualize their work, and perhaps even, to self-assess it before submitting it for formal feedback. In summaryFeedback example Develop a marking rubric as a cover sheet. The rubric identifies the fixingss of the assignment, together with a breakdown of marks for each element or a description of the standard for an A, B, C, D, P etc. Feed-forward example Provide the marking rubric to students before the assignment is due so that they clearly understand whats expected, the levels of achievement, and can plan their approach accordingly.In marking student work, youll need a suite of feedback techniques. Remember, if youre going to be using up a lot of time providing feedback, you want to make sure that students read, use and engage with your feedback to improve their neighboring assignment.The best way to do that is to have a value of techniques that you can draw on, when you need to. The fudge below describes some feedback techniques. Technique Why use this technique? How would I use this technique? employ a marking rubric that contains information To encourage students to engage, wrestle Set aside time to treat the rubric with students about criteria and standards. Offer it to with and develop an understanding of the in class. Provide examples of what an A, B, C, D students so that they can use it to plan high criteria and standards related to an and P level answer /assignment flavors like. Explain achieving work.assessment task before embarking on theirthe differences to students and engage them in a work. dialogue. Get them to mark assignments samples so that they have to engage with the criter ia and standards before embarking on their own assignment. Provide verbal global feedback to the whole To emphasise the super C achievements and As you mark assignments, make a list of 3 things class. errors made across all assignments deep downd iodine well, and 3 things in need of improvement a student cohort. across the whole cohort. intention the next available class to provide feedback to the whole cohort. Be specific and provide an example. Post a summary on Moodle. Provide written feedback only.The mark/grade To focus students improvement efforts on is released only after students demonstrate a the written comment rather than the plan for improvement. number/grade. The technique assumes that the learning for students is located in the staff comments. Invite students to tell you 2-3 specific To develop students capacity to Ask students to economize these 2-3 elements somewhere elements of the assignment they would like you self-assess the qua lity of their on the assignment cover sheet before submitting to focus your feedback on. submitted work. it. Your feedback on these elements does not need to be extensive but they warrant comment. Ask students to indicate the grade (ie, A, B, To encourage students to engage with the Invite students to write a 100 word justification C, D) they think their assignment should criteria and standards for the assignmentabout the grade theyve nominated. Your final receive. as part of their planning. feedback and grade does not need to come up with the students but you may wish to note any differences in each of your perceptions about the quality of the work. sanction students to demonstrate/write how For students to demonstrate how they haveMake this aspect a hurdle requirement to be theyve used your feedback as part of the next used feedback to improve future learning. submitted with the next immediate assignment. assignment. bingle observation you might make about e ach of these techniques is that they are focused on (i) engaging students with the criteria and standards, and (ii) with what the student does with the feedback they receive. If youd like to read more about these two ideas (and others like them), two articles may be especially useful to you Rust, Price ODonovan (2003) and Price, ODonovan Rust (2004). Consistency and fairness in marking and feedback Consistency in marking, or moderation, is aimed at ensuring fairness in marking, and requires finding or establishing agreement between markers. Making sure that assignments contain criteria and standards is a good start because the expectations involved are clear to the student and clear to the marker.Although this does not absolve the marker from interpreting students work, without criteria or standards, the job of marking ends up macrocosm much harder. The procedures for marking are set out in the Universitys Assessment Procedures (an excerpt of the principles is below) Where in th at location is more than one marker, selected pieces of work from each assessment task should be reviewed by the subject coordinator to manipulate the level and consistency of the marks allocated by the marker. This process, called moderation, increases the reliability of the assessment process and application of standards, promotes consistency, supports objectivity and establishes a shared understanding of standards and fairness in assessment. The university also has a scoring schema with a range of Pass grades.80-100% A 70-79% B 60-69% C 50-59% D Ungraded P (may also denote copacetic completion of a Masters Prelim course of postgraduate thesis) Graduate capabilities Alongside the conventional grading schema, from 2012, all commencing first year students will receive a result on the achievement of the universitys six graduate capabilities at the end of the year Writing Speaking Inquiry/Research deprecative thinking Creative Problem-solving Teamwork There are some su bjects which have been designated cornerstone, mid-point and capstone status. This means that their curriculum has been knowing to teach, assess, provide feedback and report specifically on these graduate capabilities.For each graduate capability, students will receive one of three results exceeded expectations, met expectations or did not meet expectations. Each faculty has carefully crafted a description of what these standards look like. It may be the case that you will be asked to provide feedback to students about their graduate capability achievement as well. Because faculties will have already done substantial work outlining those standards, it is likely you will be asked to offer students that feedback. Summary When considered together, assessment and feedback are incredibly powerful levers for influencing the direction of students efforts, and their learning. For many students, the assessment in the subject is the actual curriculum.It is largely students reading and percep tion of what the assessment demands of them which is a key determinant in how they spend their time in a subject. Therefore, the messages that students take away about assessment from the documents the Subject Guide from interaction with other students, are important considerations. In the second week, you will discover just how authoritative feedback is to this process and how the adoption of standards and criteria will help you mark and grade more efficiently and effectively. References Gibbs, G. and Simpson, C. (2004). Conditions Under Which Assessment Supports Student Learning. Learning and Teaching, Issue 1, pp 3-31. Hattie, J. Timperley, H. (2007).The Power of Feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. Hounsell, D. (2004). Reinventing Feedback in the Contemporary frugal University. Scottish Quality Enhancement Workshop on Assessment, University of Glasgow available online at www. enhancementthemes. ac. uk/documents/events/20040604/Hounsellpaper. pdf. ODonovan, B. , Price, M. , Rust, C. (2004). Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria. Teaching in Higher Education, 9(3), 325-335. Orrell, J. (2006). Assessment beyond intuition. Central Queensland University available online at http//www. learning. cq. edu. au/FCWViewer/view. do?page=8896, accessed Feb 2011. Price, M. , ODonovan, B. , Rust, C. (2004). Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria. Teaching in Higher Education, 9(3), 325-335. Ramsden, P. (2003). Learning to teach in higher education. (2nd edition). Routledge, NY London. Rust, C. , Price, M. , ODonovan, B. (2003). Improving Students Learning by Developing their Understanding of Assessment Criteria and Processes. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 28(2), 147-164. Taylor, J. (2008). Assessment in number one Year University A model to manage transition. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 5(1).

Retirement vs. Strife in Old Age Essay Example for Free

Retirement vs. battle in Old Age EssayA man that spends many years in active service be it for himself or for a more noble reason such as his acres or people, would more certainly than not find retirement a disorienting prospect erst he faces it. Retirement means stopping whatever has kept one alive and working for to the highest degree of his healthy years. It means realigning his goals, getting used to other, more leisurely and less strenuous habits as fitting old age, and preparing to face death with peace and resignation. In Lord Alfred Tennysons poem Ulysses, the mythical belligerent of Homers epics expresses his anxiety about coming back home to Ithaca to reclaim his old responsibilities as king after years of traveling overseas and fighting the Trojan war, and his desire of undertaking a new adventure, instead. The poem begins with Ulysses dreading his return to resume the job of an idle king (Tennyson 1). He could not recall the relevance of staying home with an a ged wife (Tennyson 3) and to mete and dole (Tennyson 4) rewards or punishments to the people he governs closely of whom he does not know nor they of him but for his position as king.Ulysses does not like his former invigoration of idleness and monotony horizontal if it was a livelihood of comfort and wealth. He prefers to travel and seek for adventures, test life to its limits. For Ulysses, traveling means enjoying and suffering unpredictable moments. The sea and foreign lands, unlike a kingdom, presents alter and new experiences. Those that he had experienced so far have given him a hungry nervus (Tennyson 12). His voyages have brought him to strange places, allowed him to interact with different peoples, customs and cultures, and meet creatures unimaginable if one simply stayed in one place all his life.Moreover, he has experienced the drunk delight (Tennyson 16) of war in Troy. zilch in his kingdom could equal the things he did and witnessed. All that Ulysses saw and did m ade him what he has become and has produced a kind of restlessness or thirst upon his soul that groundworknot now be satiated by thought a kingdom. This past life as king has become dull in comparison to his life as a voyager and soldier. According to him, a person who is contented with his present life is like rusting and acknowledging that the only purpose of life is to breathe.Ulysses wants to follow knowledge like a sinking star/ beyond the utmost bound of human thought (Tennyson 31-32). He would like to keep exploring and test the boundaries of the capacities of an ordinary mortal, even one who is already old and less agile. He believes that ones age is not a factor to consider because old age hath yet his honor and his toil (Tennyson 50). Only death can stop and end the possibilities that life has to offer. In the end, Ulysses appoints his son, Telemachus, to take his place as king, leaving him the scepter and the islet (Tennyson 34).Meanwhile, he prepares to embark on anot her journey. The speakers exhortations to his former companions in the final stanza whitethorn well be read as words that any man should well take paying attention as a personal advice, especially those who are contemplating a sedentary retirement in their precedential years. The lines encourage everyone to not worry about the physical limitations that old age imposes upon every individual because the flunk of the body can easily be overcome when one is strong in will (Tennyson 69). This is besides how a heroic life is lived.

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini raiseOn the surface Baba and emir depict all told contrasting personalities. emeer is a timid, insecure child. Baba is a generous, respected everyplace-achiever. Despite outward appearances however they sh are some startling similarities. They both hide a terrible secret from every wizard they hold dear, and they both spend a significant part of their lives trying to regret for their respective sins. Its only when they deal with these issues that their true colors really show. In reality Baba and emeers few similarities farther close outweigh their many differences. emir and Baba appear to the outside world, and even to each other to be completely different people. Amir perceives Baba as perfect. Amir sees his father as a wealthy, and powerful man everything anyone could plan to be. In contrast Baba sees Amir as a weakling and a coward for the most part. He seems nearly disgusted by Amirs weak stomach and cowardly tendencies. Baba lov es Amir, but he finds his inability to relate to him a difficult hurdle to get over. Baba was athletic as a young man, a competitor who was apply to winning. He used what he knew and tried to relate to Amir through sports, but despite Amirs outstrip attempts to feign interest Baba saw through his charade, which only discouraged him further. Amir made his own attempts to couplet the gap between them with his stories, but Baba simply dismissed them as being childish.Baba would not encourage Amir to pursue writing because he didnt see it as a masculine thing to do. Perhaps one of the most prevalent differences between Baba and Amir is the way they see Hassan. In many ways Baba sees him as the son Amir should have been. Hassan is athletic, hard working, and exceptionally loyal. Amir treats Hassan like an underling, someone who makes him flavor reform about himself. Amir used Hassans illiteracy to make him feel better about himself. Even though they are genuinely friends, Amir still thinks of him as merely a Hazara, and harbors jealousy towards any adherence Hassan receives from Baba. Hassan is not only the catalyst to many of their biggest differences, but also the foundation for their most intimate similarity.Baba and Amir may seem completely different but the biggest testament to their similar personalities is the way they deal with the most serious problems in their lives. Baba fathers an illegitimate son and tried to keephim a secret for the sake of reputation. Amir allowed his best friend to be raped and uses the incident to gain his fathers love. Baba tried to alleviate his guilt over bedding his servants wife by treating Hassan equal to Amir, showering him with gifts and affection. Showing affection to Amir however made Baba feel even guiltier about Hassans situation so Amir is starved of his love. Subsequently Amir began to despise Hassan and did nada to help him when he was raped by Assef.In fact he used the situation to specialty Hassan and Ali o ut of his home. The regret he faced haunted him for the rest of his life and he tried to correct for it by getting Hassans son out of Afghanistan. Both father and son in this scenario spent their lives dealing with an incident that they couldnt overcome. Baba showed he could be as cowardly as Amir when he refused to acknowledge Hassan as his son, and Amir showed he could be as brave as his father by going to Afghanistan and battle Assef to save Sohrab.Baba and Amir found it difficult to show affection for one another throughout Amirs childhood due in large part to the glaring differences in their personalities. However, late in life Amir realizes that theyre really two of a kind. When theyre forced to deal with problems they show that their natural tendencies are strikingly similar. Baba and Amirs personalities are polar opposites, but at their core they are the same.BibliographyKhaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner

Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Effects of scrape Area on the Rate of Reaction EssayAimTo athletic field the effects of changing the get up ara on the vagabond of a chemical replyHypothesisThis hypothesis is based on the Collision Theory, where in order to fight back, the two particles involved moldiness1. Collide with each other2. The contact must be energetic copious to overcome the activation energy of the answer3. The collision must bring the reactive parts of the molecule into contact the correct way they must collide with suppress geometry (the reactive parts)Considering that the surface area of a particle is a factor that mainly affects the collision consec valuate of particles, it would be safe to assume that as the surface area increases, the reaction roll increases. The interpret should stoop out to be something like this1. the reaction is the fastest at the start2. The reaction is slowing mass here3. No more than product is formedAmount of productTimeVariablesVaria ble divisorWhat is manipulatedDependentTimeThe beat it takes for the reaction to complete depends on the surface area of the compounds being used, because it determines the rate in which the reaction go forth occur.In qualifiedVolume of the fumble put in (H2, CO2)The amount of gas serene for each look into will depend on theControlled1. Mass of Calcium Carbonate (both marble chips and small-grained form)2. Mass of atomic number 12 (both ribbon and mill)3. Volume of Hydrochloric Acid4. Apparatus Used1. The masses of the centerfields utilized will remain constantly fixed during the investigate2. 50 cm3 of HCl will be used for every running game 550 cm3 in total3. The apparatus used will remain the alike(p) throughout the whole experimentChemical ReactionsMg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H21. Magnesium ribbon2. Hydrogen Gas will be the gas collect1. 3 essays will take place1. Mass of Magnesium ribbon in1. foot race 1 0.064 grams2. Trial 2 0.063 grams3. Trial 3 0.065 gramsCaCO3 + 2HC l CaCl2 + H2O + CO21. Marble Chips2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected1. 2 Trials will take place1. Mass of Marble Chips in1. Trial 1 3.998 grams2. Trial 2 3.988 gramsNa2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO21. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered)2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected1. 2 Trials will take place1. Mass of Sodium Carbonate1. Trial 1 0.504 grams2. Trial 2 0.505 gramsApparatus1. Eye-Protection 1 brace of Safety Glasses2. 1 pair of Scissors3. 1 Electronic Scale4. 1 Conical Flask (100cm3)5. 1 Single-holed rubber gift and delivery tube to fit conical flask6. 1 Measuring cylinder (100cm3)7. Stop look uponChemicals1. 12cm of Magnesium Ribbon2. 550 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid3. Marble Chips4. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered)Method1. Set up apparatus as shown2. Fill the conical flask with 50cm3 of HCl3. Insert the end of the syringe into the hole on top of the plug4. Add the magnesium ribbon5. Seal the flask with a rubber stopper as right away as you can, at the same time name someon e else present to start the stop watch once the magnesium ribbon has been added to the hydrochloric acid6. As the reaction takes place, note down the time it takes for the gas collected to reach a multiple of 5 (i.e. 5mL, 10mL .50,55,60,65 etc)7. Keep measuring until the reaction has stopped, or you are unable to mea genuine anymore8. Repeat each experiment 3 times, righteous to be sure the data collected is accurate9. At step 4, replace the underlined compound with the next compound by and by one experiment is completedData RecordedMagnesium Ribbon Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2Trial 1 (0.064 0.005 grams)Time (in seconds) 0.05 sVolume (in cm3) 2.5 cm3ConclusionUnfortunately I was unable to create a graph victimisation time as the independent variable, because the lab that I had utilized did not have the equipment operable to accurately to reputation the data if time were to be the independent variable. Another factor that played into my finish was the fact that the smallest calibr ation of the glass syringe I used was 5 cm3. Since the only visible measurements shown on the syringe were multiples of 5, it would only seem reasonable that I switch around the variables, making time the dependent variable, and the volume collected the independent variable, since I couldnt exactly measure how much gas would be collected every 5 seconds otherwise the relationship the graph would depict would be completely incorrect.As you can see on the graphs, the slightly steep slopes show when the reaction is the quickest, as it should be in the beginning. The curve shows the reaction slowing down, but unfortunately the curve continues. This is because the reaction is quench taking place. I was unable to record the rest of the data because the measuring tools that were functional werent able to record to such a high degree. In some cases though, like in the powdered sodium change experiment, the reaction began so quickly that I wasnt able to record the time in most cases, so I just stuck with those that I had managed to note down. In other cases, there were so many distractions in the lab that it was difficult to remain focused. My classmates kept removing some if the items that I was using.The idea was to see how the rate of reaction changed when the surface area of a substance was increased. Initially, my plan was to react magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder with 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid so I could compare and contrast how the surface area of the substance affected the rate of reaction. I had planned to keep everything about the two substances the same. Its element, mass, the amount of Hydrochloric acid I was going to react with it the only thing different would be its surface area. Unfortunately the Lab didnt have any available. So I decided to do the same experiment to Calcium Carbonate, this time using marble chips and powdered calcium carbonate. To my dismay I found that the powdered calcium carbonate wasnt reacting at all. So I had to change it to sodium carbonate.There is skepticism about using different elements, seeing as they have different orders of reactivity. These factors, including the concentration of the acid used, could also affect the rate of reaction. However, the same acid concentration was used for all experiments, in all trials so we can raise that. However, sodium is much higher up the reactivity serial publication than calcium, which is higher up the reactivity series than magnesium. This is the problem with this experiment the elements positions in the reactivity series could have really altered the rate of reaction.However, the experiments still prove that when the surface area of a substance is increased, the rate of reaction increases as well. This happens because, when two substances react only the surface particles of the substances can come into direct contact with the reactant particles. Increasing a substances surface area, like turning big solid chunks of calcium carbonate into powder, lea ves more solid particles available to react. The more particles available to react at one time, the faster the rate of the reaction.Like thisOnly atoms on the surface can reactIf you break the substance down, moreatoms are exposed and ready to react. paygradeConsidering the lack of material available, I think I was able to manage the experiment fairly fair to middling to produce results. However, I am not pleased with the factors that may or may not have affected my results, and the circumstances in which I had to switch my variables around. Therefore I would like to state a few things I would like to alter, if ever I got the change to do this experiment again.1. Apparatus1. undermentioned time, instead of using a stopwatch, I would like to use a digital device, like a laptop for example, that was somehow connected to the glass syringe, which was programmed to record the volume of the gas collected every 5 seconds. This time the graph would turn out the way it should be.2. Instead of using a measuring cylinder, I would replace it with a burette, as it takes more accurate measurements of liquids.1. Chemicals Used1. I would try and used the same element next time the only difference would be the surface area. For example, if I used magnesium, to study the effects of surface area on the rate of reaction, I would only you magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder. Studying different elements with different reactivitys would dismiss any data already collected because an elements position on the reactivity series may also determine the rate of reaction. Use the same element.1. Amount of People involved in the experiment1. If I had to do the experiment again, with the same apparatus, I think I would like to have 3 people participating in the collection of data. 1 person would be watching the syringe rise and call out to record whenever it rose, the 2nd person would time it, and the 3rd person would record it. This time, the data may be even out more accurate, because no one is taking their eye off the experiment, like I was doing during my experiment just to record data.I feel that altering these aspects of the experiment would increase the level of accuracy, as to get more substantial data to calculate the order of reaction. Unfortunately with the data I have so far, I am unable to derive the concentrations of the substances I had utilized in my experiment. However, as the objective was to investigate whether or not different surface areas affected the rate of the reaction, I think that I have produced enough data to support my theory.